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When most people think about computer technology, they think hardware. Due to its importance, we thought it would be nice to offer a framework for understanding some key hardware concepts.

Hardware vs. software

A good rule of thumb is, if you can delete it, it's software, if not, it's hardware. Hardware is the term given to all the physical components that make up technology. Computers, disks, ink cartridges, and practically anything else that you can see and touch (and break) are classified as hardware. The Internet programs, fundraising applications, and operating systems that work on the hardware are collectively referred to as software. Software can be removed (as many of us know too well) with the click of a button, while hardware requires a little more physical effort to get rid of (a little water or dust can make it malfunction just fine, though).

Types of hardware

The types of hardware are endless, but here is a brief classification system that is commonly used:

Computers

The personal computer (PC) is the central unit in library-based computing. Macs and IBM-compatible PCs are the big contenders, but they are all made up of the same basic components.

See the article, How to Buy a Computer for more information.

Peripherals

Printers, monitors, modems, scanners, and external drives are considered peripherals to the computer. Peripherals need the computer, but they are often an essential element to our computing experience. Take a second to imagine trying to work your computer without the monitor. See the article Computer Accessories for more information.

Network hardware

Network hardware includes all the wires, cables, hubs, routers, and switches that let computers talk to one another. This is the hardware that is usually handled by the systems administrator, not the users (and most would prefer to keep it that way).

Upgrading hardware

When getting down to specifics, upgrading hardware can mean different things to different organizations, but the fundamental concept is the same. Upgrading hardware means updating it to suit current needs. Most offices upgrade their computers and printers by purchasing new ones every few years. However, sometimes a new computer is not necessary. Often, adding more memory, or an additional audio or video card, is all that's needed to boost speed or functionality. See the article Upgrading Your Computer Components for more information.

Hardware support

Nearly everyone who has used a computer has had a problem with it at some point. Getting support can sometimes mean additional training or reading some tips from fellow users. Other times it can mean hiring or engaging a volunteer systems administrator.

Hardware maintenance

Most people think that maintaining hardware means fixing it when it breaks. But there are ways to prevent problems from occurring. Systems administration and maintenance can help keep the printer from jamming, the network from crashing, and your computer from crawling.

Buying hardware

New hardware is often the largest expense in a library's technology budget. Before you buy, it is important to assess your hardware needs. See the Hardware Needs Worksheet to begin thinking about what your organization needs before you spend the money buying the wrong computer equipment or buying something you don't really need.